Plain-English explainers of every step you’ll take as a litigant in person. Written from the Civil Procedure Rules, not from Reddit.
Complete guide to writing an effective letter before claim. Includes templates, legal requirements, and what to do if they ignore it.
Essential steps before filing your claim. Learn about letters before action, gathering evidence, and understanding your rights.
Everything you need to know about filing a small claims court case, from completing the N1 form to paying court fees.
Step-by-step guide to filling in the N1 claim form for UK county court. Learn what information you need and avoid common mistakes.
Filing Your ClaimComplete guide to filing a small claims court case online using the government's Money Claim Online service. Faster, cheaper, and available 24/7.
Filing Your ClaimComplete guide to UK small claims court fees for 2026. Learn what you'll pay, how to get help with fees, and what costs you can recover.
What happens after you submit your claim. Understand defendant responses, mediation requirements, and case management.
Prepare for your court hearing with confidence. Learn what to expect, how to present your case, and courtroom etiquette.
Won your case but not been paid? Discover enforcement options including bailiffs, attachment of earnings, and charging orders.
Specific guidance for different types of claims including unpaid invoices, faulty goods, breach of contract, and more.
How to take someone to small claims court for unpaid invoices. Includes guidance for freelancers, contractors, and small businesses.
Claim Type GuidesComplete guide to claiming compensation when sellers misrepresent products or breach consumer rights. Covers false advertising, misdescription, and refund disputes.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to claiming against tradespeople, contractors, and service providers who failed to complete work properly or to an acceptable standard.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to claiming refunds for gym memberships, streaming services, and other subscriptions where you were charged after cancellation or for services not delivered.
Claim Type GuidesComplete guide to claiming refunds for items bought online that arrived damaged, faulty, or never arrived. Covers your rights under the Consumer Rights Act 2015.
Claim Type GuidesComplete guide to claiming compensation for flight delays and cancellations under EC Regulation 261/2004. Includes what you can claim and how to make your case.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to recovering money lent to friends or family members through small claims court. Covers IOUs, verbal agreements, and proving the loan existed.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to recovering money from flatmates or others who have not paid their share of bills, utilities, or joint expenses.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to recovering money paid by mistake, duplicate payments, or overpayments where refunds have been refused.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to claiming against solicitors, accountants, surveyors, and other professionals who provided negligent advice or services.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to claiming refunds when training courses, coaching sessions, consultations, or other paid services are cancelled without refund.
Claim Type GuidesComplete guide to recovering tenancy deposits where landlords have made unfair deductions or failed to return your deposit.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to claiming unpaid rent from tenants or recovering overpaid rent from landlords through small claims court.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to claiming compensation from landlords for failure to repair property and for damage caused by poor housing conditions.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to claiming against builders for defective, incomplete, or overpriced work. Covers construction disputes and remedial costs.
Claim Type GuidesComplete guide to claiming against car dealers for misrepresentation, mileage fraud, hidden faults, and other used car problems.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to claiming against garages for faulty repairs, unnecessary work, or damage caused during servicing.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to claiming for mis-sold diesel vehicles, emissions misrepresentation, and Clean Air Zone charge disputes.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to challenging insurance companies that have wrongly rejected valid claims or unreasonably delayed payment.
Claim Type GuidesGuide to recovering insurance excess payments where the wrong amount was charged or where it should be refunded after a non-fault claim.
Guides for landlord-tenant disputes including deposit claims, eviction defence, disrepair, and rent disputes. Updated for the Renters' Rights Act 2025.
Complete guide to claiming compensation when your landlord failed to protect your deposit. Learn the 30-day rule, evidence needed, and how to file your claim.
Housing & Tenancy DisputesComplete guide to claiming compensation for landlord failure to repair damp, mould, heating, and structural issues. Know your rights under the Landlord & Tenant Act 1985.
Housing & Tenancy DisputesComplete guide to challenging Section 8 eviction notices. Understand mandatory vs discretionary grounds, check notice validity, and build your defence strategy.
Housing & Tenancy DisputesComplete guide to challenging unfair rent increases using Section 13 procedures. Learn tribunal process, market rent assessment, and new Renters' Rights Act protections.
Housing & Tenancy DisputesBands were set on 1991 values and never revalued. How to check whether yours is too high, which route you are on (proposal or band review), the evidence the VOA accepts, and what happens after you submit.
Housing & Tenancy DisputesBefore you challenge, run the neighbours check on the VOA list and the 1991 (or 2003) value check against the band thresholds. Why one check on its own can cost you or your neighbours money, and how improvements, flats and houses change the picture.
Housing & Tenancy DisputesWhen the VOA lowers your band, the council refunds the overpayment back to the day you became liable — 1 April 1993 at the earliest in England, and no more than six years in Wales. How the statutory ninths set the amount, a worked example on the 2026-27 England average band D, and what to do if the council drags its feet.
Housing & Tenancy DisputesIf the VOA rejects a formal proposal you have three months (four in Wales) to appeal to the Valuation Tribunal. It is free, informal and usually by video. What to send, how to prepare comparables, what the hearing is like, and the outcomes — including the band going up.
Guides for employment tribunal claims including unfair dismissal, discrimination, unpaid wages, ACAS conciliation, and ET1 filing.
Step-by-step guide covering the qualifying period (2 years), automatically unfair reasons, the ET1 process, and what to expect at an employment tribunal hearing.
Employment TribunalExplains the mandatory ACAS early conciliation step before making an employment tribunal claim, how it works, the timeline, and what happens if conciliation fails.
Employment TribunalProtected characteristics under the Equality Act 2010, types of discrimination, the burden of proof, Vento bands for compensation, and how to bring a tribunal claim.
Employment TribunalWhen you resign because of your employer's conduct — what counts as a repudiatory breach, how to prove it, and the practical steps to building a successful constructive dismissal claim.
Employment TribunalThe complete process from initial workplace complaint through ACAS conciliation, filing your ET1, case management, disclosure, witness statements, the hearing, and beyond.
Employment TribunalHow to claim money your employer owes you through the employment tribunal — covering unpaid wages, notice pay, holiday pay, and redundancy pay.
Guides for people being chased by a private parking operator: notice-to-keeper time limits, appeals to the operator and POPLA or the IAS, replying to a Letter of Claim, added fees, and defending a county court claim. England & Wales.
A private parking company can only make the registered keeper pay if the notice to keeper arrived inside the windows in Schedule 4 to the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012: 14 days for a camera notice, day 29 to 56 after a windscreen ticket. How to count the days, the presumed delivery rule, and what a late notice means.
Private Parking ChargesHow to appeal a private parking charge notice in England and Wales: what to say to the operator, the 14-day reduced rate and 28-day appeal window in the industry Code, the free independent appeal to POPLA or the IAS, and the points that actually win.
Private Parking ChargesA Letter of Claim from a parking operator or its solicitors comes with a reply form and a 30-day clock under the Pre-Action Protocol for Debt Claims. What to tick, what documents to demand, what the protocol makes them do next, and how to use the reply to set up your defence.
Private Parking ChargesA county court claim form from a parking operator: how service is counted, the 14 days to acknowledge and 28 days to defend, what goes in the defence, the online box and the full N9B-style defence, mediation, costs, and what to do if you have already missed the deadline.
Private Parking ChargesWhy a £100 parking charge becomes £170 by the time a claim arrives, what the industry Code says about the £70 add-on, why it cannot be recovered from a keeper under the Protection of Freedoms Act, and how to challenge it without relying on unreported cases.
The guides will get you familiar with the procedure. The free assessment will tell you, specifically, whether to file — and what the next step looks like for your case. Two minutes.
Reference: court fees by claim amount · County Court forms explained